Formulas to Calculate Dimensionless Hard Disk Size, and a Real World Application to Extending a UFS Partition
The dimensionless hard disk size is a quantity that gives a measure of hard disk size without any associated physical dimension (i.e. not measured in bytes, kilobytes, ... - just a number.) This quantity manifests itself in many places, such as: in the VMware vmdk disk descriptor file, and when sizing partitions.
Part 1: Formulas to calculate R (The Dimensionless Hard Disk Size) from Cylinders, Heads, and Sectors; Cylinder Groups, Heads, and Sectors; and Volume Capacity, and Sector Size
In the below; * is used for multiply, and / for divide
1.1 Variables Used
R = The Dimensionless Hard Disk Size
C = Cylinders
H = Heads
T = Tracks (and T = C * H)
Cyl = Cylinder Groups (used with Unix File System (UFS))
S = Sectors per Track
B = Sector Size in bytes
V = Volume Size in bytes (i.e. disk max capacity; volume, or partition size)
1.2 Formulas for R
R = C * H * S
R = (SUM of Cylinders in all Cylinder Groups) * H * S
R = V / B
1.3 Formulas for V (obtained from the above)
V = C * H * S * B
V = R * B
Important notes:
1) R is always a positive integer, as are all the other variables used
2) Real world values given for disk capacity may need to be converted into the integer value that best satisfies the requirement for the other variables to be integers
Part 2: Real World Application to Extending a UFS Partition
The following "real world" application of the formulas, is inspired by following blog post by Julian Wood - Installing & Maximising the NetApp ONTAP 8.1 Simulator
2.1 The problem
We expand a 48 GB VMware vmdk hard disk to 244 GB. The hard disk in question is already partitioned into 4 partitions, and we need to find the new size value for the 4th partition, to make it use up all the extra usable space that is now available.
2.2 Calculations and Explanation
Booting into the FreeBSD_LiveFS ISO media, and in fixit mode; the fdisk ad0 command is run to view the partitions on the disk in question (ad0.)
The output of the fdisk ad0 command provides the following bits of information:
B = 512 bytes (Sector size)
H = 15 (Heads – numbered from 0 to 14)
S = 63 (Sectors per Track – numbered from 1 to 63)
PartitionStartValue = 4191264
And from the real world disk capacity of the hard disk (Vreal = 244GB) in bytes, we get Rreal:
Rreal = int( Vreal / B )
= int( 244*1024*1024*1024 / 512 )
= 511705088
Note:
int( x ) is a function that returns the integer value of x. The int function is included in Windows Calculator on the Scientific view. If you do not have this function then just lose everything after the decimal point.
The disk is split into cylinders (value unknown), heads (15), and sectors (63.) We cannot find out the number of cylinders (would need to know the amount of cylinders in each cylinder group, and there will be quite a few cylinder groups.) But we know that the max value of R (Rmax) must be an integer divisible by heads (15) multiplied by sectors (63.)
Rmax = 15*63 * int( Rreal / (15*63) )
= 511704270
Finally, to find the new size of partition 4 (Rsize):
Rsize = Rmax – PartitionStartValue
= 507513006
When we run the fdisk -u ad0 command to extend partition 4; when prompted for the value for the new "size," the above figure – 507513006 – is supplied!
2.3 Summary
Rsize = H * S * int{ int( Vreal / B ) / ( H * S ) } - PartitionStartValue
Part 3: Appendix – Further Reading
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